Tuesday, August 10, 2010

Isaiah 40:11

כְּרֹעֶה עֶדְרוֹ יִרְעֶה בִּזְרֹעוֹ יְקַבֵּץ טְלָאִים וּבְחֵיקוֹ יִשָּׂא עָלוֹת יְנַהֵל׃

11 Like a shepherd, he tends his flock. In his arms he gathers lambs, and in his embrace he lifts them up. Those that nurse, he leads.

כְּרֹעֶה עֶדְרוֹ יִרְעֶה Like a shepherd, he tends his flock. Qal imperfect masc sg רָעָה, "to tend a flock; be a shepherd." In every way, the Lord who was just pictured as the conquering victor now tends his flock with all the care, foresight, initiative and passion of a true shepherd.  The Mp note tells us that the phrase כְּרֹעֶה עֶדְרוֹ occurs twice. I am of the opinion that it would take no extra space to include the reference in either the margin or the apparatus (Jer. 31:10).

בִּזְרֹעוֹ יְקַבֵּץ טְלָאִים  In his arms he gathers lambs, The Yiddish word kibbutz is found here in יְקַבֵּץ, piel imperfect 3 m sg "gather together, collect." The זְרוֺעַ is the arm or forearm; he carries a lamb like a football, close and carefully with no opportunity to drop it. טְלָאִים can be either "lambs" or "kids" depending on whether we're talking about sheep or goats. They are especially small lambs; still nursing.

וּבְחֵיקוֹ יִשָּׂא and in his embrace he lifts them up. The חֵיק is commonly the bosom or the lap; even the crook of the arm. In parallel with "arms" above, any of these would be appropriate, although the lap per se would be untenable since he lifts them "up" and a standing, leading position is described. All of the verbs, including the qal יִשָּׂא, are imperfects, showing ongoing and characteristic action on the part of our shepherd-God. This is the way he always cares for his flock, by carrying and leading us. Although there is a textual note in the apparatus showing that a Greek manuscript takes וּבְחֵיקוֹ without the waw conjunction, the Mp note  guards the reading of the Masoretic text: "One of two occurrences of this form" (cf. 2 Samuel 12:3). Another Mp note tells us that the imperfect יִשָּׂא occurs 37 times. I have counted them and this number is correct. Seven of these are in Isaiah: 2:4; 3:7; 8:4; 10:24; 40;11; 42:2 and 57:13. There is also one in Micah 2:4. Another textual note suggests a change in the order of this phrase, but there is no reason to change the MT as we have it.

עָלוֹת יְנַהֵל׃ Those that nurse, he leads. The עָלוֹת (qal participle, fem. pl.) are the mothers who are nursing, "giving suck." The "sucklings" are mentioned above, the tela'im. Although there is no definite article, the participle should be taken as an attributive participle with an implied relative, "those who...." The piel imperfect יְנַהֵל "leads" shows the true work of the Lord at this and at all times. He shows us the path--this was true even in Eden--and he leads us in his ways. "Teach me your ways so I may know you" (Exodus 33:13); "Your ways, O God, are holy" (Psalm 77:13). "Lead me, O Lord, in your righteousness" (Psalm 5:8). We are told that עָלוֹת occurs five times. Mm note 245 lists them as Genesis 33:13; 1 Samuel 6:7; 6:10; Isaiah 40:11 and Psalm 78:71.

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