Monday, September 20, 2010

Isaiah 41:28

וְאֵרֶא וְאֵין אִישׁ וּמֵאֵלֶּה וְאֵין יוֹעֵץ וְאֶשְׁאָלֵם וְיָשִׁיבוּ דָבָר׃

28 But when I look there is no one, not one among them who is a counselor. And when I ask them, could they give an answer?

וְאֵרֶא וְאֵין אִישׁ But when I look there is no one, The qal imperfect (וְאֵרֶא from רָאָה, "to see") is probably potential (GK §107r) but verges on the contingent idea of a conditional (a cohortative use of the imperfect, GK §108e). אִישׁ emphasizes the idea of "no one" as "no man at all."

An Mp note points out that וְאֵין followed later in the verse by another וְאֵין occurs 13 times. The count is correct, but the list (Mp 2004) isn't too informative. Another Mp note says that the phrase וְאֵין אִישׁ occurs seven times (Gen. 39:11; Judges 19:15, 18; 1 Sam 9:2; Isa 41:28; 50:2; 57:1).

וּמֵאֵלֶּה וְאֵין יוֹעֵץ not one among them who is a counselor. The partitive מִן in וּמֵאֵלֶּה shows that none "within" them is a יוֹעֵץ, qal participle from יָעַץ "advise, counsel." יוֹעֵץ was the title given to Ahithophel, David's traitorous friend and Old Testament type for Judas Iscariot (cp. Psalm 41:9; John 17:12).

An Mp note tells us that וּמֵאֵלֶּה occurs just three times (Gen. 9:19; 10:32 and Isaiah 41:28).

וְאֶשְׁאָלֵם וְיָשִׁיבוּ דָבָר And when I ask them, could they give an answer? The form וְאֶשְׁאָלֵם is a qal imperfect (שָׁעַל) first person singular "I ask" with a 3rd plural suffix, "them." The hapax marginal note concerns the form, not the commonplace verb. וְיָשִׁיבוּ is a hifil imperfect of שׁוּב. The qal means "turn back," the hifil "return, give back." The form וְיָשִׁיבוּ is counted as one of two times this form is written plene, along with Lam. 1:19, and the Mp note tells us that the form occurs once written defectively without the yod (Deuteronomy 1:22).

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