Isaiah 40:23

הַנּוֹתֵן רוֹזְנִים לְאָיִן שֹׁפְטֵי אֶרֶץ כַּתֹּהוּ עָשָׂה׃

23 He is the one who brings princes to nothing, and makes the judges of the earth into confusion.

הַנּוֹתֵן רוֹזְנִים לְאָיִן He is the one who brings princes to nothing, Normally נָתַן means "give," but with -לְ prefixed to its object, it takes on the idea of "delivers, surrenders." This is the idea of יִתֵּן לְמַכֵּהוּ לֶחִי "Let him offer his cheek to the one who strikes" (Lam. 3:30). "Brings" seems to fit the context best here. An Mp note says that הַנּוֹתֵן is written out plene (with waw-holem) four times: Psalm 18:48; 144:10; Isaiah 40:23 and 43:16.

רוֹזְנִים is a qal participle of רָזַן, "ruler, dignitary" as in Judges 5:3. It may not be obvious at first what the Mp note means with its abbreviated terms: "Occurs three times plene in this tongue and similar forms." The abbreviation בליש in the Masorah can means "tongue" or "form." Here the sentence is, "Occurs three times written plene in this form, and similar ones." The three forms of רוֹזְנִים are found in Isaiah 40:23; Psalm 2:2 and Proverbs 31:4.

שֹׁפְטֵי אֶרֶץ כַּתֹּהוּ עָשָׂה and makes the judges of the earth into confusion. Once again Isaiah turns to the word תֹּהוּ "empty" to make a point. The judges of the earth can be made into the empty confusion and chaos of the world before the Lord began to shape it on the second day of creation. The full force of the prefixed -כַּ is that the comparative -כְּ also has the definite article; the Lord doesn't just make the judges like some sort of confusion; he makes them like THE confusion, the tohu of the days of creation. The judges themselves, for all their wisdom and experience, cannot do a thing without the Lord. This is part of what Paul means in Romans when he says, "there is no authority except that which God has established. The authorities that exist have been established by God" (Rom. 13:1).